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Childhood Obesity

A global epidemic, childhood obesity demands early intervention and family engagement.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Childhood Obesity?

Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex between ages 2-19 (overweight: 85-95th percentile). The prevalence in school-age children in Turkey is approximately 10-15%.

Complications begin in childhood: insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, sleep apnea, and orthopedic problems. Most obese children remain obese into adulthood.

Treatment is grounded in family-based lifestyle change. Pharmacotherapy (metformin, orlistat) and bariatric surgery in selected adolescents are options for severe obesity.

Symptoms

Age- and sex-specific BMI ≥95th percentile
Brownish skin on neck and armpits (acanthosis nigricans – insulin resistance)
Sleep apnea features (snoring, daytime sleepiness)
Gait disturbance or knee pain (orthopedic complication)
Low self-esteem and social isolation
Exercise intolerance

Risk Factors

Family obesity and genetic predisposition
Sedentary lifestyle and excessive screen time
Sugary beverage and ultra-processed food consumption
Inadequate sleep
Stress and emotional eating
Low socioeconomic status

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When the child's BMI exceeds the 85th percentile
  • If acanthosis nigricans, sleep apnea, or knee pain are present
  • When psychosocial issues (bullying, low self-esteem) are prominent
  • Annual growth and development check for BMI tracking

Treatment Methods

01
Intensive lifestyle intervention: family-based diet and exercise program
02
Behavioral therapy: motivational interviewing, goal setting
03
Nutrition: limit sugary beverages and processed food, increase fruits and vegetables
04
Physical activity: ≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per day
05
Screen time limit: ≤2 hours per day (over age 6)
06
Bariatric surgery: in Tanner 4-5 adolescents with severe obesity and complications

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.