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Chickenpox

Caused by varicella-zoster virus, chickenpox is a contagious childhood illness with an itchy rash that can largely be prevented by vaccination.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Chickenpox?

Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), spread by airborne droplets and contact. After exposure, an incubation period of 10-21 days is followed by fever and the characteristic vesicular rash.

The rash is itchy and progresses from redness to fluid-filled vesicles and then to crusts; lesions at different stages are typically present at the same time. Contagiousness ends once all blisters have crusted (usually 5-7 days).

Complications are more severe in immunocompromised individuals, newborns and pregnant women. Bacterial superinfection (Staphylococcal or Streptococcal), pneumonia and encephalitis are among the most serious complications.

Symptoms

Mild fever and malaise (1-2 days before the rash)
An itchy rash with redness then fluid-filled blisters
Rash concentrated on the scalp, face and trunk
Lesions at different stages present at the same time
Painful ulcers in the mouth and genital area

Risk Factors

Not being vaccinated
Contact with immunocompromised individuals
Household contact (around 90% secondary attack rate)
Newborn period
Pregnancy (risk of transmission from mother to baby)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When the rash develops surrounding redness, warmth or pus (bacterial infection)
  • Fever above 39°C, or fever returning after day 4
  • Difficulty walking, headache or shortness of breath
  • When chickenpox starts in an immunocompromised individual

Treatment Methods

01
Symptomatic treatment: antihistamines and calamine lotion to control itching
02
Trim nails and use mittens (to prevent scratching)
03
Acyclovir: effective in high-risk groups (immunocompromised, newborns, severe cases) when started within 24-48 hours
04
Appropriate antibiotics for bacterial complications
05
Varicella vaccine: 2 doses at 12 months and 4-6 years
06
Post-exposure prophylaxis: VZIG for unvaccinated high-risk individuals

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.