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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Early diagnosis and intensive behavioural intervention maximise developmental potential in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by difficulties in social-emotional reciprocity, non-verbal communication and relationship building, together with restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour. The term 'spectrum' covers a wide range, from mild social communication difficulties to people who need intensive support.

ASD is diagnosed by clinical observation and standardised tools (ADOS-2, ADI-R, M-CHAT); no biological marker is yet available. Genetic factors play a major role, but environmental factors also contribute.

Intensive early intervention, particularly applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and language therapy started before the age of 3, significantly improves long-term outcomes.

Symptoms

No babbling at 12 months, or no use of single words at 16 months
Avoidance of eye contact
No response to being called by name
Lack of parallel or symbolic play
Repetitive hand-flapping, rocking or spinning
Strong resistance to changes in routine and emotional outbursts

Risk Factors

Family history of ASD (18-20% risk in siblings)
Male sex (4 times more common than in girls)
Advanced parental age
Prematurity and perinatal complications
Genetic syndromes (Fragile X, tuberous sclerosis)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If the child does not say any words at 18 months
  • If the child cannot put two words together by 24 months
  • Loss of previously acquired language and social skills
  • When the M-CHAT (early autism screening test) is positive
  • When the parent or paediatrician has concerns about social communication

Treatment Methods

01
Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA): the gold standard of early intensive intervention
02
Speech and language therapy: developing communication skills
03
Occupational therapy: sensory integration and daily living skills
04
Social skills group: peer interaction and emotion recognition
05
Pharmacotherapy for accompanying symptoms (risperidone, aripiprazole for agitation; SSRIs for anxiety)
06
Parent training and school integration programmes

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.