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Acute Bronchiolitis (Detailed)

The most common lower respiratory tract infection in children under two, frequently associated with RSV.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Acute Bronchiolitis (Detailed)?

Acute bronchiolitis is a viral infection of small airways in children under 24 months and is particularly prominent during winter RSV outbreaks. Rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and influenza are other agents.

The virus causes inflammation and necrosis in the bronchiolar epithelium; mucus secretion and epithelial debris lead to airway obstruction. Clinically, rapid breathing, wheezing, retractions, and hypoxemia are seen.

Diagnosis is clinical. Viral panels are not routinely recommended in typical acute illness. The mainstay of treatment is supportive: oxygen, fluid balance, nutritional support, and high-flow nasal cannula or CPAP if needed. Bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics are not routinely recommended.

Symptoms

Picture starting with runny nose and mild fever
Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
Wheezing
Intercostal and subcostal retractions
Feeding difficulty
Apnea (especially in infants)

Risk Factors

Infancy under 6 months
Prematurity
Congenital heart disease
Chronic lung disease (BPD)
Immunodeficiency
Passive cigarette smoke exposure

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When there is rapid breathing, retractions, and cyanosis
  • When feeding rate drops by half
  • When signs of dehydration develop
  • First viral infection in a premature baby
  • When apnea episodes are observed

Treatment Methods

01
Pulse oximetry and oxygen support
02
Nasal aspiration and humidification
03
Adequate fluid and nutritional support
04
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC)
05
CPAP and mechanical ventilation (in severe cases)
06
Palivizumab prophylaxis for RSV (high risk)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.