Urological examination and evaluation

First-line urological consultation that includes history, physical examination, urinalysis, and imaging to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, and external genitalia.

Indication

• Lower urinary tract symptoms such as burning during urination, frequent urination, and sudden urgency
• Visible blood in the urine (hematuria) or recurrent urinary tract infections
• Suspected kidney stones with flank or back pain
• Symptoms of prostate enlargement in men (weak urinary stream, intermittent voiding, nocturia)
• Urinary incontinence or hesitancy in starting urination
• Sexual dysfunction, groin-scrotal pain, or suspected testicular mass
• Male-factor infertility evaluation or routine prostate health check

Preparation

• If possible, arrive with a moderately filled bladder (ultrasound may be needed)
• Bring all current medications and previous laboratory or imaging reports
• Share prior urinalysis, PSA, and kidney ultrasound results
• Prepare a brief summary of when your symptoms began and how they have progressed

How it's performed

1. The physician takes a detailed history of complaints, past illnesses, surgeries, and family history
2. Physical examination of the abdomen, kidney area (costovertebral angle), groin, and external genitalia is performed
3. When indicated, a digital rectal examination (prostate evaluation) is performed in male patients
4. Complete urinalysis, urine culture, and blood tests (creatinine, PSA, etc.) may be requested
5. If needed, urinary system ultrasound, uroflowmetry (urinary flow rate measurement), and post-void residual measurement are planned
6. Findings are shared with the patient; treatment or further evaluation (cystoscopy, CT, MRI) may be recommended

Post-procedure

• A follow-up visit is scheduled within 1-4 weeks based on test and imaging results
• If treatment has been started, a follow-up appointment is recommended to assess response
• For chronic conditions (stone disease, prostate enlargement), annual or semiannual follow-up is appropriate
• Early consultation is recommended if new symptoms appear

Risks

• Brief, mild discomfort or embarrassment during the examination
• Rarely, brief bleeding or transient elevation of PSA after rectal examination
• Small bruising related to urinalysis or blood draw
• Clinical examination alone may sometimes be insufficient; further testing may be required

FAQ

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